Module 4: Pediatric Head Injuries
Slide 1 - Learning Objectives Slide 2 - Pediatric Head Injury - Epidemiology Slide 3 - Intracranial Pressure - Physiology Slide 4 - Raised ICP - Brain Herniation Slide 5 - CPP - Physiology Slide 6 - Head Injury - Pathophysiology Slide 7 - Respiratory Failure in Head-Injured Children Slide 8 - Signs and Symptoms of Head Injury Slide 9 - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Slide 10 - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in Infants and Children Slide 11 - Classification of Head Injury (HI) by GCS Slide 12 - AVPU Pediatric Response Scale for Disability Slide 13 - Common Lesions After Head Injury Slide 14 - Subdural Hematoma Slide 15 - Epidural Hematoma Slide 16 - Intracerebral Hematoma Slide 17 - Management of Head Injury Slide 18 - Hypotension Associated with Poor Outcome Slide 19 - Management of Raised ICP Slide 20 - Hyperventilation Slide 21 - Ventilation - Recommendation Slide 22 - Fluid Therapy for Head Injury Slide 23 - Sedation, Analgesia and Paralysis Slide 24 - Use of Paralytic Agents Slide 25 - Positioning Tips to Reduce ICP Slide 26 - Temperature Regulation Slide 27 - Management of Seizures Slide 28 - Anticonvulsants Slide 29 - Anticonvulsant Prophylaxis Slide 30 - Hyperosmolar Therapy Slide 31 - Ventricular Catheter/ Lumbar Drain for Draining CSF to Reduce ICP Slide 32 - Decompressive Craniotomy Slide 33 - Barbiturate Coma Slide 34 - Summary of ICP Management Slide 35 - Non-Accidental Injury (Shaken Baby Syndrome) Slide 36 - Shaken Baby Syndrome Family Risk Factors Slide 37 - Bruises - Abuse or Accident? Slide 38 - Evaluation of Suspected Abuse Slide 39 - Evaluation of Suspected Abuse Slide 40 - Child Abuse - The Physician's Role Slide 41 - Review: Question 1 Slide 42 - Review: Question 2 Slide 43 - Review: Question 3 Slide 44 - Review: Question 4 Slide 45 - Review: Question 5 Slide 46 - Acknowledgments
Blood flow in the brain is decreased by hyperventilation (reduction in PaCO2 causes cerebral vasoconstriction)
Reduction in blood flow causes a decrease in intracranial blood volume, thus reducing the ICP
Hyperventilation-induced reductions in blood flow can result in brain ischemia, thus, routine hyperventilation in head injured patients is NOT recommended
Module 4: Pediatric Head Injuries
