Module 4: Pediatric Head Injuries
Slide 1 - Learning Objectives Slide 2 - Pediatric Head Injury - Epidemiology Slide 3 - Intracranial Pressure - Physiology Slide 4 - Raised ICP - Brain Herniation Slide 5 - CPP - Physiology Slide 6 - Head Injury - Pathophysiology Slide 7 - Respiratory Failure in Head-Injured Children Slide 8 - Signs and Symptoms of Head Injury Slide 9 - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Slide 10 - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in Infants and Children Slide 11 - Classification of Head Injury (HI) by GCS Slide 12 - AVPU Pediatric Response Scale for Disability Slide 13 - Common Lesions After Head Injury Slide 14 - Subdural Hematoma Slide 15 - Epidural Hematoma Slide 16 - Intracerebral Hematoma Slide 17 - Management of Head Injury Slide 18 - Hypotension Associated with Poor Outcome Slide 19 - Management of Raised ICP Slide 20 - Hyperventilation Slide 21 - Ventilation - Recommendation Slide 22 - Fluid Therapy for Head Injury Slide 23 - Sedation, Analgesia and Paralysis Slide 24 - Use of Paralytic Agents Slide 25 - Positioning Tips to Reduce ICP Slide 26 - Temperature Regulation Slide 27 - Management of Seizures Slide 28 - Anticonvulsants Slide 29 - Anticonvulsant Prophylaxis Slide 30 - Hyperosmolar Therapy Slide 31 - Ventricular Catheter/ Lumbar Drain for Draining CSF to Reduce ICP Slide 32 - Decompressive Craniotomy Slide 33 - Barbiturate Coma Slide 34 - Summary of ICP Management Slide 35 - Non-Accidental Injury (Shaken Baby Syndrome) Slide 36 - Shaken Baby Syndrome Family Risk Factors Slide 37 - Bruises - Abuse or Accident? Slide 38 - Evaluation of Suspected Abuse Slide 39 - Evaluation of Suspected Abuse Slide 40 - Child Abuse - The Physician's Role Slide 41 - Review: Question 1 Slide 42 - Review: Question 2 Slide 43 - Review: Question 3 Slide 44 - Review: Question 4 Slide 45 - Review: Question 5 Slide 46 - Acknowledgments
When indicated, MILD hyperventilation should be used to achieve a PaCO2 in the range of 30-35 mm Hg
Hypoventilation and hypercarbia (PaCO2 > 40 mm Hg) can cause cerebral vasodilation and lead to increased cerebral blood flow and ICP, and thus should be avoided
Monitor expired CO2 or PaCO2 following endotracheal intubation, during transport, during neuroradiologic procedures, and in the intensive care unit
Module 4: Pediatric Head Injuries
